The Human Body's Organization: 2013

Thursday, April 4, 2013

The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System
The Body's Support

The skeletal system is the sturdy, internal frame which helps us support our bodies. The human skeletal consists of cartilage, bones, ligaments, joints, and tendons. The bones of the body makes a firm structure called the skeleton. The strong material provides protection for the soft and important organs of the body. The skeleton also supports the body against the pull of gravity.

The functions of the skeletal system are to provide shape and support, to enable movement, to protect internal organs, to provide blood cells, and to store certain materials until the body needs them.

Protection:
Some bones protect important organs of your body.

Storage:
Bones store minerals that help your nerves and muscles function properly. Long bones store fat that can be used for energy.

Movement:
Skeletal muscles pull on bones to produce movement. Strands of strong connective tissues connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. These strands are known as tendons. When a muscle that connects two bones gets shorter, the bones are pulled closer to each other. This process produces movement.

Blood Cell Formation:
Some of your bones are filled with a special material that makes blood cells. This material is called marrow.

The major organs of the skeletal system are the bones, cartilage, and ligaments. All the bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and tendons add up to about 20% of your weight.

Some of the bones in the skeletal system are the patella, tibia, femur, and fibula. The skeletal system’s bones have the most calcium.

The Muscular System

The Muscular System
The Body's Strength

The muscular system is made up of muscles that let you move. The muscular system is made up of three kinds of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. There are two different muscle actions: voluntary and involuntary. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary, which means that the muscle action is not under your control. Skeletal muscles are voluntary, which means the muscle action is under your control.

The function of the muscular system is to move the bones of the skeleton, move other organ in the body, and pump blood around the body.

Skeletal:
Skeletal muscles pull on bones to produce movement. Strands of strong connective tissues connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. These strands are known as tendons. When a muscle that connects two bones gets shorter, the bones are pulled closer to each other. This process produces movement.

Smooth:
Moves food through the digestive system.

Cardiac:
Pumps blood around the blood.

Some major organs are the biceps, triceps, and the heart.

The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System
The Body's Blood Provider

The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, helps maintain homeostasis by performing many functions. This system helps maintain your body by carrying nutrients to your cells and by removing wastes from them. It carries needed substances to cells and waste products away from cells.

Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Each heartbeat pumps blood into your arteries at high pressure. Artery walls stretch and are usually strong enough to stand the pressure.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. As blood travels through veins, valves in the veins keep the blood from flowing backward. When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze nearby veins and help push blood toward the heart.

There are 4 chambers in the heart. Each side of the heart has an upper and lower chamber. The upper chambers are called atrium and the lower chambers are called ventricle.

The major organ of the circulatory system is the heart. With each heartbeat, the heart sends life-giving blood throughout the almost 50,000 miles of blood vessels and capillaries in the body. Blood carries oxygen and food to all the body cells.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary
Words You Need to Know

Tissue: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific task.
An example of tissue is connective tissue, which supports other tissues and binds them together.

Organ: An organ is a structure that is made up of two or more similar tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
An example of an organ is the heart, which pumps blood around the body.

Organ System: An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a particular function.
An example of an organ system is the skeletal system, which is the internal frame that helps support our bodies.

Skeletal System: The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and connective tissue that holds your bones together; the hard structure that provides a frame for the body of an animal.
An example of the skeletal system is the skull, the combined structure of many bones that protect the brain.

Joint: A joint is a place where two more bones meet.
An example of a joint is a fibrous joint, which is immovable and held together by a ligament.

Ligament: A ligament is a strong, elastic band of connective tissue.

An example of a ligament is a nuchal ligament, which holds the head and neck in a normal posture without muscular effort.

Muscular System: The muscular system is made up of muscles that let you move; the muscular system is the set of organs that are able to create skeletal movement.

Some examples of the muscular system are the smooth and cardiac muscles that help us to move our bodies.

Tendon: A tendon is a strand of tough connective tissue that connects your skeletal muscles to your bones.

An example of a tendon is the quadriceps tendon, which connects the front thigh muscles to the kneecap.

Voluntary: Voluntary is a muscle action under your control.
An example of voluntary movement is the skeletal muscle, which moves voluntary or is under your control.

Involuntary: Involuntary is a muscle action not under your control.
An example of involuntary movement is the smooth muscle, which moves involuntary or is not under your control.

Circulatory System: The body system that is made up of your heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates blood throughout the body, delivers needed materials to cells, and removes waster products; also known as the cardiovascular system.

Examples of the circulatory system are the veins and the heart in your body, which help to pump blood around the body and maintain homeostasis.

Artery: An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

An example of an artery is the aorta artery, which takes blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body.

Vein: A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

An example of a vein is the pulmonary veins, which carry relatively oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Capillary: A capillary is a tiny blood vessel that allows exchanges between body cells and blood.

An example of a capillary is sinusoidal capillary, which allow red blood cells and proteins in through the endothelial walls.

Practice Quiz

How Well Do YOU Know the Body's Systems?

Which body system contains the organ which has the most calcium?

A. Digestive System

B. Skeletal System

C. Circulatory System

D. Muscular System

E. Bone System

Which two systems work together to make the body move?

A. Skeletal and Bone Systems

B. Skeletal and Digestive Systems

C. Digestive and Nervous Systems

D. Muscular and Skeletal Systems

E. Circulatory and Muscular Systems

What percent of your body weight does the skeletal system make up?

A. 100%

B. 27%

C. 18%

D. 69%

E. 20%

What are arteries?

A. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

B. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

C. Soldiers protecting the body

D. Organs that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

E. The main organ of the circulatory system

What are veins?

A. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

B. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

C. Soldiers protecting the body.

D. Organs that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

E. The main organ of the circulatory system.

What are the three types of muscles?

A. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and muscle muscle

B. Skim muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle

C. Rough muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle

D. Smooth muscle, rough muscle, and skeletal muscle

E. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle

What are the names of the upper and lower chambers of the heart?

A. Atrium, ventricle

B. Atrium, atrium

C. Ventricle, ventricle

D. Vendicare, atrium

E. Mille, fiore

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A. The circulatory system brings oxygen and nutrients to every living tissue in your body.

B. The circulatory system takes oxygen and nutrients from every living tissue of your body.

C. The circulatory system brings wastes to your lungs and kidneys.

D. The circulatory system works together with the skeletal system to help move your body.

E. The circulatory system works together with the muscular system to help move your body.

What is the purpose of the muscular system?

A. The muscular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to every living tissue in your body.

B. The muscular system takes oxygen and nutrients from every living tissue in your body.

C. The muscular system works together with the skeletal system to help move your body.

D. The muscular system removes wastes disposed of by your lungs and kidneys.

E. The muscular system brings the waster to your lungs and kidneys.

The bones of the body makes a firm structure called the

A. muscles

B. blood

C. skeleton

D. veins

E. brain

Skeletal muscles are used to…

A. Enable the body to move.

B. Provide a covering

C. Support other tissues and bind them together

D. Carry "messages" to and from various parts of the body.

E. Surround the stomach

How many chambers are in the circulatory system?

A. 0

B. 2

C. 8

D. 4

E. 7

Answers to Quiz

How Well Do YOU Know the Body's Systems?

Which body system contains the organ which has the most calcium?

B. Skeletal System The skeletal system’s bones have the most calcium.

Which two systems work together to make the body move?

D. Muscular and Skeletal Systems

The two systems work together to make the body move. Skeletal muscles pull on bones to produce movement. Strands of strong connective tissues connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. These strands are known as tendons. When a muscle that connects two bones gets shorter, the bones are pulled closer to each other. This process produces movement.

What percent of your body weight does the skeletal system make up?

E. 20%

All the bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and tendons add up to about 20% of your weight.

What are arteries?

A. Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Each heartbeat pumps blood into your arteries at high pressure. Artery walls stretch and are usually strong enough to stand the pressure.

What are veins?

B. Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

A vein is a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. As blood travels through veins, valves in the veins keep the blood from flowing backward. When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze nearby veins and help push blood toward the heart.

What are the three types of muscular in your body?

E. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle

Smooth muscles move food through the digestive system, skeletal muscle enables bones to move, and cardiac muscle pumps blood around the body.

What are the names of the upper and lower chambers of the heart?

A. Atrium, ventricle

Each side of the heart has an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chambers are called atrium and the lower chambers are called ventricle.

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

A. The circulatory system brings oxygen and nutrients to every living tissue in your body.

The circulatory system helps maintain homeostasis by performing many functions. These functions include carrying needed substances to cells (like oxygen) and carrying waste products away from cells (like carbon dioxide).

What is the purpose of the muscular system?

C. The muscular system works together with the skeletal system to help move your body.

The bones of the body makes a firm structure called the

C. skeleton

The skeleton structures your body. The average adult human skeleton has 206 bones.

Skeletal muscles are used to…

A. Enable the body to move.
The skeletal muscles, apart of the muscular system, allow you to move your body.

How many chambers are in the circulatory system?

D. 4

Each side of the heart has an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper chambers are called atrium and the lower chambers are called ventricle.